Effectiveness of Bariatric Surgery in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Remission: A Comparative Study in Tacna, Peru

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of bariatric surgery compared to pharmacological treatment in the remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: This was an observational, longitudinal, and retrospective study analyzing 60 medical records of patients undergoing bariatric surgery in Tacna, Peru, during 2023. Postoperative follow-up lasted 12 months, recording blood
glucose, use of hypoglycemic agents, and body mass index (BMI). Effectiveness was compared using the Chi-square test to determine statistical significance. Results: The findings revealed the efficacy of the surgery. At 12 months, 86.7% of patients achieved a blood glucose level below 100 mg/dL, and 88.3% reduced their use of hypoglycemic agents. Furthermore, 88.3% of patients achieved a BМІ within normal parameters. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the two treatments, with a p-value of 0.001. Conclusions: It is concluded that bariatric surgery is a significantly effective alternative for the control and remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus. These results recommend the need to consider metabolic surgery as a first-line therapeutic option in eligible patients.