Artificial intelligence: evolution, applications and future

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a discipline that integrates science and engineering, with a history that dates back many years. Its origins can be traced back to the field of Medicine, in the mid-20th century. Since then, it has experienced accelerated development, driven by the constant progress of computational and digital methods, strategies, and tools. This evolution has had a positive impact on all levels of medical care, from primary to specialized care, including cutting-edge research. The goals of AI in the healthcare field are diverse: to expand the coverage of care, promote patient autonomy, optimize the efficiency of healthcare, and provide support in making diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, always in line with the needs and preferences of patients. However, it is important to recognize that the implementation of AI also presents challenges, especially with regard to ethical and accountability aspects. These aspects must be considered in all processes and by all stakeholders involved, including States and international organizations, who have the obligation to uphold human rights and the fundamental values of national and international coexistence.