Epidemiological Trends and Characteristics of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Tacna Health Network, 2020-2025

Abstract

Objective: To determine the trend and epidemiological characteristics of drug-resistant tuberculosis in patients treated at the Tacna Health Network, during the period of 2020 to 2025. Materials and Methods: A quantitative, basic, non-experimental, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted. 174 patients diagnosed with drug-resistant TB (Rifampicin and/or Isoniazid or other drugs) were included. Inclusion criteria were considered, and the database was obtained from primary sources of MINSA. Data were collected in Excel, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22, including descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) and contingency tables for trend analysis. Results: A decrease in the presence of drug-resistant TB was observed; however, the types with an increasing trend were human-resistant TB (23,6%) and multidrug-resistant TB (20,1%); the population with the highest proportion was of mixed race (95,4%), male (53,4%), adult (46,0%), and housewives (35,1%). The highest concentration of cases was is the Cono Norte Microgrid (35,1%). Patients were registered with diabetes (14,4%), malnutrition (8.0%), drug dependence (4,0%), adverse reactions (9,2%), a history of contact (19,0%), and a history of COVID-19 (9,2%). Conclusions: Although drug-resistant tuberculosis shows a downward trend, TB-Hr and TB-MDR were the most prevalent profiles. Likewise, the factors with the highest proportions were the male sex, Mestizo ethnicity, and the adult life stage.