FACTORES MULTIDIMENSIONALES DEL SOBREPESO Y LA OBESIDAD EN ADOLESCENTES: UN ANÁLISIS INTEGRAL

Abstract

Objective: The present research aimed to identify and analyze the factors associated with the development of overweight and obesity in adolescents. Materials And Methods: The methodology included a systematic literature review using academic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and Web of Science, focusing on articles published in 2024. A total of 29 studies were selected for in-depth analysis, evaluating genetic, metabolic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Results: Among the main findings, it was noted that the combined prevalence of malnutrition and obesity has significantly increased in many regions, especially in island nations and countries in the Middle East and North Africa. Obesity was associated with a higher risk of prediabetes and diabetes in adolescents, particularly in males and certain ethnic groups. Factors such as high socioeconomic status, living in urban areas, and exposure to media were significant determinants of obesity. Additionally, unhealthy eating habits and lack of physical activity were identified as critical factors in the development of overweight and obesity. The perception of being overweight and experiences of weight-related teasing increased the risk of mental health issues. Conclusions: Adolescent obesity is a multifaceted problem influenced by biological, psychosocial, and environmental factors. Effective interventions must comprehensively address these factors, promoting healthy habits and providing social and psychological support. Standardizing diagnostic methods and focusing on specific socioeconomic determinants are essential for designing appropriate intervention strategies.